Internal-combustion engine



C. REINEKE I INTERNAL COMBIQSTION Enema Filed Dec. 29, 1921 3shee ts-sneet 1 mwm Jam. fi. 19 25." #522,326

I c. REINEKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Dad 29. 1921 I s Sheets-Sheet 2 J5 a4 m9 1,522,326. c. 'REINEKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE File d Deb, 29, 1921 s sfieets-sne'et :s

?etented Jen. 6, 125.

CHAELES EEIEIEKE, i? NEW YORK, N. Y., @OBATIQN, OF NEW $03K, N. Y.,

ASSIGNOR T0 THE EEINEKE MOTOR A CORLE'ORATION 0F DELAWA'RE.

ZNTERNAL-GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed December 29, 1921. Serial Ito. 525,701.

To (:35 when it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES REINEKE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county oi New York and State of llewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal- Ccnibustion Engines; 'and I do hereby de-' 4 v clare the following to be a full, clear, and

exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it eppertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in engines and more particularly to internal combustion engines of the opposed Piston type.

' An object of my present iDVBIltlOIlJS to produce an engine having opposed reciprocating pistons arranged and adapted to impart a multiplicity of power strokes to anosciilstingz crank from which'power may be transmitted to it Work shaft such as a pro peller shaft for ships, for example.

Anotherobject of my invention is the production of an engine of'the class described which can be readily installed in the place oi an upon the foundation of the present marine type of'steam engine, the

same working, conditionswith regard to power, revolution, propeller and crank shafts and engine bed plate being maintained.-

Another object of the present invention is toaprovidc a readily assembled and ofiicicnt wrist pin construction for the lower piston and zrrigid connection for the up er piston, together with adjustable gui cs therefor, whereby the strain upon the-several parts can be more evenly distributed and the wear taken up. J 'With these and other objects in flew the invention further consists in the construction and Yurrang'cment of the several parts hereinafter described and pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating an embodiment of my invention as interconnected with the crank of a propeller shaft and whereon similar reference characters designate corresponding ports in the several views F igure 1 is a vertical seitional view with parts in elevation throuerh two of my improved engines show led to the crank shuftoia propeller shalt, v

"fbigurc 2 is an nlarged detail vertical secmost.

'tion'a-l view on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.;

Figure 4; is a detail plan View of the guides and connections forthe upper piston; and,

Figure 5 is a detail plan view of the lock in nut for the piston wrist pin;

dy present invention, has been designed with a view to imparting oscillatory movement to a crank element from opposed reciprocating pistons of the multi-stroke type, and in turn utilizing said oscillations for rotating a ships propeller shaft. In my present embodiment I have shown an engine of the opposed piston-type wherein two power stro es of the piston are used to produce a. single oscillation of the crank ele ment through a predetermined arc.

It is desirable in marine propulsion to obtain a comparatively low. propeller speed, and to develop the required horse power and efliciency froin high speed internal combustion engines it is now usual to employ a reduction gear. 1 In producing a multistroke internal combustion engine of the opposed piston type this complicated reduction gearing is not required, the engine and crank connections being constructed and interconnected with the propeller shaft in such a manner as to pro vide for the continuous rotation of the said n-oueller shaft bv the oscillatin movement l l i v a of the crank element as produced by the multiplicity of power strokes of the opposed pistons. v

The present design of internal combustion or oil engine is readily adaptable for use on ships from which the steam engine has been removed. a plurality of relatively small oil engines being arranged-upon the bed plate or foundation on each side of the crank shaft and interconnected therewith as shown in Figure 1, for example. The rel- 100 ativo distribution of the power and the saving of space by the use of a plurality of small engines are important factors, especially on ships or small engine rooms where the question of space is always fore 105 .In Figure 1 I have illustrated a crank or gig-opener shaft 1 supported in main journal arings 2 provided on pillow blocks ora.

plate 3, which latter may be secured to any no of each enginees shown in Figure 1.

The construction of each engine being the some, I will describe but one in detaihepplying the same reference characters to corresponding ports ofthe other engine as will be understood. 2G ly small and compactly built, each comprising a. cylinder 11, secured by bolls 12 to an intermediate supportingplste 13, which latter is mounted upon and secured to col shown and adapted to reciprocate inwardly and outwardly will. be understood. The action of the engine is preferably two cycle in operation, the air scavenging ports oeins; shown M123 and the exhaust ports at 24. The relative lengths of the pistons are snliicient to permit the proper opening;' and closing of. these ports.

The upper piston 21 is of solid construcsion and provided with the piston rod 25 formed integral therewith shown. The Lon rod connected to a crosshead 2c o Figure ill cross-heed 336 is provided with guide 28 shdehly mounted in guides or V COIa'iIGCiJiOlES are provided for adjusting the guide shoes and taking" up Wear.

Four guides 29 extendupwurdly from the top of thecylinder; and bracing cr tic so rods 3:2 conneci. theuppcr ends of said guides with the cylinder supporting plate 13. The

f0. oingproi'idcs a strong and durable construction, theseveral psrtsbeing designed to receive .inexunum strains with l5 moved. Each engine is connected with the The respective engines are comparative umns or nprigits 14. The upper ends of of tne'ilnnge and nut omstruction plates 30 and threaded boltand nutn'iiizimnn'ivilli-mien and provide for maxi-.-

messes mum smoothness in operation. It will "is seen that the several parts can be readily ialined when setting the engine The location of the several parts on the outside of the engine permits inspection. and repair with the least possible iiillicult y.

Ti lie upperpiston 2-1 is connected-to ihr crank 19 by means of connecting or reach rods 33. Bearings 34: provided. on the upper end or the rods 33encircle the project ing'pins 35 carried by the crossheed; and bearings 36 provided on the lower end of said rods are fitted about the projecting; pins 37 carried by the webs-of the crank 10. (see Figure 2.)

The lower piston 22, and more especially the Wrist pin connection therefor, is of noycl construction. It is hollowed out as shown in Figures 1 and 2 and has s. cylindrical bore extending transversely therethrough. The Wrist'pinBS is of substantially cylinolricel shape and is formed of complementsry upper and lower sections 39 and 40, which extend cliamesrically' across the pis ton and have their ends arranged in said bore.

The cylindrical end ll of "the connecting rod 42 is movebly retained between the colnplen'ientery sections of the Wrist pin 38 as will now be described. the Wrist pin section 39 is a. recess 4:5 arranged and adapted to conform to the zlindrical shape of the end ll of the rod s2.

Formed within The upper portion or the cylindrical head e1 fits and moves within this recess as will be understood, the ends thereof being rc mined by the shoulders 44 at each end of the recess 43.

The complementary section 40 is split into two parts as'shown to permit the rod -12 to extend into the piston head, the two portions 1-5 end is each being formed with a recess and shoulder construction 4-? into and against which the lower portion of the cylindrical head 41 is nioi'ably fitted. ll will be seen that the separated ron1plcmc11- tarry sections 39 and 4.0 form hearings lo! the head 11., '11s well as constitute the \yrisl pin of thc'piston.

The means for retaining; the wrist pin' sections in position comprises split ring 48 formed of threaded sections 49 and 59'. arranged and adapted to be threaded into the lower internally threaded portion 51 of the piston 22. The ring sections i9 and 50 are held together bymcons oi the dowel pin 52, and a. tapered screw 53. (sec Fignres 2 and 5). Rcccsses formed in the sections 49 and 5'0 cocnreratc to .i'orni a slot or elongg'a'ted opening 5i through which the 1 connecting rod 42 extends, and in which it swings. The ends of the opening may he taperede-s shown in Figure 1, to permit the full swing of the rod 42 without ix'iterferonce as will be. understood.

incense of assembly, inspection and repair are ob tamed, it being obvioizs that the wear incidentto the strain upon the piston 22 can be readily. taken up Without dismantling.

the piston. A particularly tree and easy motion of the piston and rodeonstruction with very little friction, is also obtained by.

the foregoing construction.

The lower piston is connected to the crank 10 by means or the rod i2 hereinbefore mentioned. A hearing 55 is provided on the lower end of the rod 49., and is designed toencircle a crank pin 56. Byreferring to Figure 2 it will be seen thstthe pin 56 constitutes a portion of a staggered pin, the two adjacent portions 57 thereof being-com 'nected to the forked end 58 of the connecting rod 8 hereinbeiore described. The crank pin connects the two web portions of the crank 10 as will be understood. a

By referring to Figure 1 it will be seen that the res iective crank pins 56 and 57 are located at ifierent points on the circle-indieatcd by the dotted lines A. The dot. and

dash arc indicates the crank circle of the crank pin 37 interconnected with the upper piston 21. The radii of the respective crank pins 56 and 37 operativcly connected with the. opposed pistons 21 and 22, are different as shown, thereby providing for difi'erent distances of travel of the said pistons. The

upper'piston 21 has a relatively long travel incident to obtaining, a full timed opening of the ports 24. The lower piston 22 has a shorter travel and-controls the opening of the ports 23 through which the scavenging air enters, as will be understood.

The crank-pins 57 about which the forked end 58 of the rod 8 is journalled, is offset with relation to a line drawn through the crank pins 37 and 56; and the engine shaft 59 as shown by the line C in Figure 1. The

said crank pin 57 is however in alinement with the crank and propeller shaft l, (see line D, Figure 1); The angle arrangement d by the radius E of the crank pin 57 and the line D prevents the crank shaft. 10 from rotating and permits the respective pistons to finish their compression and power strokes while the crank 1 is rotatiugr continuously in one direction vand with maximum eflieiency. This angle arrangement also allows the connecting rod 8 to be made-of relatively great length, and prevents the axes of 59, 57 and from coming into :1 st night line and forming a dead center.

The are of oscillation of the crank 10 1s shown by the dot and dash line B. Two iuil powerstrokes are obtained from the pistons during the movement of the crank 10 through one complete oscillation in this arc.

In operation, and with the pistons of the engines in the position shown in Figure 1, thepistonsof engine e are just about finishiug their inward or compression stroke, and the pistons of engine 7 have almost completed their power stroke. The next move-- 'mentof the pistons in engine 6 Wlll be outward. in travelling one power stroke, the crank it} will move through one-half of the are B to the point indicated by the letter F.

The continued movement of the crank 10 through the remainder of. the are E in the direction of the arrow causes the pistons to return or move inward to produce the compression stroke. A full stroke of the piston has now been made, and as the crank 10 returns through its oscillatory path of travel another full stroke of the piston is similarly produced. Hence it will be seen that two complete strokes, or a. multiplicity of strokes of the piston are required to oscillate the crank 10, which latter is in'turn connected with and adapted to rotate a work shaft or crank 21. single revolution. In

operation it will be noted that all of the inward strokes of the pistons are compression; strokes and the angle formed between the radius E and line D is the result of the rotation of the crank Land is not caused by power developed between the pistons.

In arrangingtwo engines, one upon each.

side of a c ank or propeller shaft. it will be seen that the starting and finishing points. of each engine are d'ilerent, thereby pre venting any tendency'of the crank to stop on dead center, and to permit greater eili cieney in the'distributioirof the power'obtained from said engines.

In providing for an installation of relativcly high horse power, a plurality of en- {zines of small horsepower each are associated at intervals upon each side of the work or propeller shaft. The. total horsepower of my small oil engines I prefer to equal the horsepower of the steam engine for which they are substituted. In ships, for example, oil engines are particularly advantageous, and in adaptinp my improved engine in the manner hereinbc'fore described, to. the propeller shaft of a ship, greater economy in space,-cost oi to'iaintenance and initial installation are possible.

My iinpmvcd engine is not limited'how-' ever to use on ships, as it can be readily arranged and constructed for other mobile or stationary uses. Changes in the propor-.

tion, size, arrangement and construction of the several parts may be made, and 'Eido "pistons not Wish to he understood as limiting niy scl'l? to the exactconstrnctitm and amnion-- lion thereof herein disclosed.

I claim:

1. in an internal combustion engine the combination with a cylinder of opposed A arranged therein. an oscillating crank shaft, and means connecting said opposed pistons with the oscillating crank shaft and arranged to cause multiplicity of power strokes of the pistons to he imparted to the crank shaft for every complete oscillation of the latter, v

In an internal combustion engine the cinnhination with a cylinder of opposed pistons arranged therein, an oscillating crank shaft, and rods connecting the opposite ends of said crank shaft to the respective op posed pistons and arran 'ed to cause a multiplicity of power strokes of-the pistons to he imparted to the crank shaft for every C0111- ple't-e' oscillation of the iatteix In an internal combustion engine the coi'nhination with a cylinder of opposed-pi tons arranged thereinw an oscillating crank shaft having dia1netricall opposed cranks and crank pins, a connecting rod'attached to one of said crank pii s and to one piston, and.

another connecting rod connected to the other of said crank pins and to the other piston, said parts lacing: arranged. to cause a multiplicity of power strokes oi the pistons to he imparted to the crank shaft for every complete oscillation of the latter.

4. In anintornal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder opposed pistons arranged therein an oscillating c ank shaft provided with cranks and crank pins located at different radii from the center of the crank. and means including connecting rods attached to the crank pins and to the aforesaid pistons for transn'iitting a innltiplicity of power strokes of the piston to the crank shaft for each con'iplctc oscillation o't the latter.

cause a n ultiplicty of power strokes of the pistons to he imparted to the crank shaft for each complete oscillation of the latter.

6. In an internal con'ilmstion engine the combination with a cylinden of opposed up per and lower pistonsarranged therein, a cross head ripidlyconnected to the upper piston, connecting; rods carried by said cross heath an oscillating crank shaft having; diametrically opposed cranks and crsnlt joins -the lower piston with a diametrically 0 cross head" said connecting rods being connected to one of said crank pins, and a connecting rod pivotally attached to the lower piston and to the other crank pin, said parts being ranged to cause multiplicity of power strokes of thepistons to be imparted to the crank shaft for every complete oscillation of the 7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination With a cylinder, of opposed pistons arranged therein, exhaust and air scavenging ports arranged in the cylinder near its opposite ends and controlled by said pistons, an oscillatii'ig; crank shalt lltiili'igj diametrically opposml cranks and crank pins one oi. said crank pins being arranged nearer the axis of the shaft than the other oi said crank iins, means connecting one oi said pistons with the crank pin of said shaft which is located the greatest distance iroi'n the axis of rotation of the lattern or PlOClHO- ing a relatively long piston travel, and means connecting the other piston with the other crank pin oi? said shaft for causing a rela tively short piston travel, said parts beii.

:mranged to cause a multiplicity of pmvei strokes olilthe pistons to he impact-ed to tho crank shalt fol-every complete oscillation of the latter.

8. In an internal combustion engine the combination with a cylinder having; opposed pper and lowerpistons arranged therein, an oscillating crank shaft adapted to ce ve a multiplicity of power strokes of the H B .a

piston for every oscillation thereof, means connecting the upper piston with one end of the oscillating crank, means connecting posits end of: said crank and means including a crank and connecting rod inter om" nected with the aforesaid oscillating or: for obtaining continuous rotary motion 9. In an internalcombustion engine, the, combination with a cylinder having oppi'ised 1 upper and lower pistons arranged therein, an oscillating crank shaft adapted to so .reive a multiplicity of powe" strokes of he piston for every oscillation thereof means connecting the upper piston with oi: the oscilla ing crank, means connect,

the lower piston with a diametrically posits end of the crank and means col o he oscillating 10 In an internal 1:: lnistion'ei'i'tgine cinnhinz-ition with a cylindc pistons arranged therein; an osci. c crank shaft arranged"and adapted to ccivc a multiplicity of power strokos of said. opposed pitons for every complete os- (illation of said c'ranln means connect", Y the opposed pistons to the oscillating cran and means for transmitting; contirotary motion itroin said oscillating combination with a cylinder having op-' posed pistons arrangedrevolvable 'shaft from crank, a revolvable crank shaft, and means including a connecting rod interposed between and connected to the aforesaid revolving and oscillating crank shafts for transmitting from the 'oscillatin crank shaft to the re volvable crank shaft.

12. In an internal combustion engine, the

therein, an oscillating crank shaft arranged and adapted to receive a multiplicity of power strokes of the said opposed pistons for every complete oscillation of said crank, means connecting the opposed pistons to the oscillating crank,

a revolvable shaft, and means for transmitting continuous rotary motion to the said the aforesaid oscillating crank shaft. I f

13. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder of opposed pistons arranged therein, an. oscillating crank shaft provided with substantially diametrically oppositely disposed cranks and crank pins, means for connectingsaid crank pins to the respective aforesaid opposed pi'stons, anotherccrank in provided on said oscillating crank, am? means connected to the last'mentioned crank pin for transmitting continuous rotary motion from the aforesaid oscillating crank shaft.

14:. Inan internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder of opposed pistons arranged therein, an oscillating crank shaft provided with cranks and crank pins located at different radii from the center of the crank and diametrically opposite each other, means for connecting said crank pins to the respectiveaforesaid opposed istons for causing-the latter to move di erentially, another crank pin located at a radius equal to one of. the-aforesaid crank pins, but having its axis ofi'setlrelatively to the 'agrisof the last mentioned crank pin, and means connected to the last mentioned crank pin for transmitting continuous and lower opposed pistons,

continuous rotary motion cylinder,

rotary motion from the aforesaid oscillating crankshaft while preventing the oscillating shaft from rotating.

15. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having upper an oscillating crank connected to said pistons and adapted to receive amultiplicity of power strokes of the pistons for everycomplete oscillation of said crank, a cross head for said upper piston, a rigidconnection between said upper piston and cross head, rod interposed between said said oscillating crank shaft, and a swinging connection interposed between the lower piston and the oscillatingcrank. Y 7 l6. cylinder,

opposed pistons arranged in said an oscillating crank shaft having diametrically oppositely disposed cranks and crank pins, a rod connecting one of said pistons to one of said crank pins, a second rod connecting the other piston to the other one oi said crank pins, 'structed and arranged to permit one; of said crank pins, to travel in a substantially semicircular, path at one side of a plane drawn through the axis of rotation [of the shaft and the other crank pin to travel in a substantially semicircular at the ,pposite side of said plane, a rotating era k shaft, and means connectingone of' tht ci'anks of the rotating shaft to one of the, crank pins of the oscillating shaft, said parts being arranged to causea mul-- tiplicity of to the oscillating shaft oscillation of the'latter,

17. .An engine as claimed in claim 16 in whichfgthe means connectin -the rotating shaft to the oscillating 'sha t comprises a connecting rod of a length sufiicient to prevent th oscillating shaft from rotating.

18.-An engineas claimed in claim 16in which one of said crank pins is arranged at a greater distance from the axis of rotapath arranged power'strokes to be imparted: for each complete' a connecting cross head and In an internal combustion engine, a I

said parts being (3011-,

tion of the oscillating shaft.- than the other 

